Bartholomew's Notes

From the Daily Telegraph:

Ten years ago there were few cases of children stigmatised by witchcraft. But since then the numbers have grown at an alarming rate and have reached an estimated 15,000 in Akwa Ibom state alone.

Some Nigerians blame the increase on one of the country’s wealthiest and most influential evangelical preachers. Helen Ukpabio, a self-styled prophetess of the 150-branch Liberty Gospel Church, made a film, widely distributed, called End of the Wicked. It tells, in graphic detail, how children become possessed and shows them being inducted into covens, eating human flesh and bringing chaos and death to their families and communities.

Mrs Ukpabio, a mother of three, also wrote a popular book which tells parents how to identify a witch. For children under two years old, she says, the key signs of a servant of Satan are crying and screaming in the night, high fever and worsening health – symptoms that can be found among many children in an impoverished region with poor health care…She denies that her teachings and films could encourage child abuse.

The article also explains that some children

are held in churches, often on chains, and deprived of food until they “confess” to being a witch.

The article goes on to describe the work of Gary Foxcroft, the British co-founder of Stepping Stones Nigeria. This organisation works with the Child Rights and Rehabilitation Network, which runs a refuge for children accused of witchcraft and tries to persuade parents to take back their children (the pic of the flyer above comes from the Stepping Stones website). Foxcroft’s efforts will be highlighted in a documentary on British television on Wednesday, entitled Saving Africa’s Witch Children.

I blogged on Ukpabio last year, and just a few days ago I noted the abusive comments I had received from her followers, including from readers who identified themselves as members of her family. One commentator told me that he has “personally come in contact with a child witch in my extended family who publicly made confessions on her witchcraft involvements”. In my original piece, I suggested it would be good if some of the big-name international evangelists who hold “crusades” in Nigeria and elsewhere in Africa – such as Reinhard Bonnke – were to speak out against the hysteria. That doesn’t appear to have happened yet.

A recent report in the Nigerian Daily Independent gives more information about Ukpabio’s teaching:

…According to Ukpabio, there is white, black, and red witchcraft. She put quite a number of what people know today as secret societies, cult or religions as white witchcraft…“Some of the things they do are believed to have the potential of protecting the member and making him prosperous while harming the others in the work place, business place, school, the neighbourhood, or family…

“In black witchcraft, the spirit gets directly into the human spirit. It can be dropped into someone’s food and it develops. If you are initiated into it, you can do a lot of evil to people in the society…”

She supported this with what the Bible says in the Book of Job, Chapter 41 verses 24 and 25. Ukpabio told the people that the witches practise their craft on their beds (meaning while asleep at night), coveting other peoples’ fields and properties and taking them violently. Ukpabio cited a spot in the Calabar metropolis where she said the marine spirit is holding the people captive…

She said there are a lot of people who practise witchcraft without knowing and that most people become victims of witchcraft because of their ignorance of God, thereby becoming vulnerable to witches and demons. She said the marine spirit is witchcraft, adding, ‘When it enters you, it does not want you to enjoy anything good or be prosperous. If you have the spirit of God in you, you will live to enjoy your life. If you have Jesus, then life will be sweet for you.”

…She… condemned the belief and teaching of some secret cults that people who are good generally and do not bewitch other people or practically harm them cannot be attacked by evil men, evil powers, and witchcraft. “This is a false belief…They look for people who are not involved with God, have not repented or are not working in the vineyard of God. The witches look for the generous and liberal people to harm and destroy,” she said.

The “marine spirit” is probably a reference to indigenous “Mami Wata” beliefs.

I’ve also blogged on child witches in Congo and on a minister famous for getting women to “confess” to being witches in Cameroon.

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From (cough) Fox News:

Critics are blasting the United Nations for hosting a meeting to talk about religious and cultural tolerance sponsored by Saudi Arabia, a country in which the U.S. government has said religious freedom is non-existent.

Following up on an interfaith meeting they held in Madrid in July, the Saudis asked the United Nations to hold a meeting on the “Culture of Peace,” but some think it’s a move to lend support to the defamation of religions resolution that the world body will vote on this fall…

The July Madrid meeting included a call for a “UN Interfaith Council” to mediate religious conflicts, and presumably this “Culture of Peace” meeting is in some way strategizing towards that goal. But who gave the Saudis the idea for that? A July report in the Arab News (don’t say I’m not even-handed) gives some background:

The World Conference on Dialogue opened by Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Abdullah in Madrid on Wednesday gathered momentum yesterday with a call from the former speaker of the Philippine House of Representatives, Congressman Jose de Venecia Jr., for an interfaith dialogue council to be set up as a formal UN body.

He presented a draft resolution calling on the conference to petition King Abdullah, King Juan Carlos of Spain and Spanish Premier Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero to organize a joint Saudi-Spanish request to the UN for an Interfaith Council to promote and oversee “all global, regional and local interfaith dialogues among the great religions, civilizations, cultures, governments… to help resolve politico-religious, sectarian and ethnic conflicts and tensions in various parts of the world.”

And from where did Congressman Jose de Venecia get his inspiration? The answer is in a speech he made:

One of the great missions of Rev. Moon is to see how we can bring about a unification of the great religions of the world…and under the leadership of Rev. Moon – I had the privilege to present to the Security Council last year – a resolution for a dialogue among civilizations, among religions, among cultures, for an interfaith dialogue and I am happy to report to you that the following month, the United Nations General Assembly unanimously approved our resolution calling for an interfaith dialogue among the great religions of the world.

The UN meeting will be held on 11-13 November. According to the UAE National:

King Abdullah’s interfaith debate at UN headquarters will likely become the world’s most well-attended cross-religious parley to date, with as many as 30 heads of state set to talk including George W Bush, the US president, the Saudi monarch and King Juan Carlos of Spain.

And it’s already got off to a promising start, with a Saudi diplomat disavowing the “accusation” that Abdullah had invited Israel…

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Via Mary Glazier, 25 September (as was widely blogged):

Just a few minutes ago Eleanor Roehl, a powerful [Christian] Eskimo intercessor and prophet, called me to say she senses an imminent attack against our nation.  Then Karen Fink came into my office to share the following revelation she had this past Friday with increasing weight on her heart ever since:

She received the scripture Gen. 50:3,”A period of NATIONAL MOURNING”.  She then saw Sarah Palin standing alone and she was mantled with the American flag.  The flag was upside down because things are inverted (upside down) right now.  I knew she was stepping into an office that she was mantled for.”

At this time I have a STRONG sense that we must pray for our President and Vice President and their families.  Also pray for the candidates running for election.  Something is imminent so we MUST pray to avert what is coming or to minimize it’s impact.

This is a tricky one: when prophesized disasters fail to materialize the explanation is usually that God changed his mind due to intercession – the Biblical examples are Jonah at Ninevah and King Hezekiah’s recovery from an illness that Isaiah said would kill him. However, if God has acted to prevent the disaster, how come we now have Obama winning an election, while the “mantled” Palin returns to obscurity?

A short time before her prophecy was announced, Roehl was in the UK; the South Wales Argus reports:

MOUNT Pleasant Church in Pontypool recently welcomed a special visitor- a Yupik Innuit woman from Alaska.

Eleanor Roehl is an ordained minister from New Stuyahok, Alaska, where Mount Pleasant Church is affiliated.

Reverend Victor Owens and representatives from his church make the trip to Alaska every January, and this year invited Ms Roehl to come to Wales and share her culture…

Some pics of Roehl’s dance moves at the Indigenous Ministries of Alaska (IMA) Summit can be seen here.

Glazier, meanwhile, as Bruce Wilson has noted, claims to have influenced Sarah Palin through her prayer group, and Palin put her on the  Alaska Suicide Prevention Council.

I blogged on a flurry of warnings from God concerning Obama that were received by neo-Pentecostal leaders just in time for the election here.

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Revised and Amended

Index on Censorship reports:

The New Statesman has removed a post from the blog of political editor Martin Bright after a threat of legal action from Iraqi billionaire Nadhmi Auchi.

The controversial businessman raised objections to links in the article to material hosted by Internet whistleblower site Wikileaks, as well as to statements made by Bright in his blog post.

However:

Wikileaks editor Julian Assange has now claimed that the New Statesman, in agreeing to Auchi’s terms, would defame him and Wikileaks by implying that the site’s content was inaccurate.

On first reading, I took this to mean that Wikileaks was arguing that deleting the links amounted to libel, which would be silly because “agreeing to Auchi’s terms” simply implies that there is a potential risk under the UK’s notorious libel laws. However, a commentator below points out that what is actually meant is that Auchi is demanding an apology and an admission that the material on Wikileaks is inaccurate, and that such an apology would be libellous to Wikileaks. Assange continues:

Our organisation’s reputation for professional, accurate investigative journalism is our primary asset.

The intention is to help the New Statesman, but it’s still unlikely to succeed: Bright linked to old material re-posted on Wikileaks from elsewhere, and so its own reputation for “investigative journalism” is neither here nor there. It seems to me that only the actual authors of the articles could claim to have been allegedly defamed by an apology to Auchi.

We all know that UK libel law unfairly favours plaintiffs, and thus that those with large amounts of money or who are friends with certain lawyers can suppress even true and politically relevant information. In the UK, linking to (alleged) libel might be seen as “republishing” the libel, although this hasn’t been tested in court yet. Back in February the pseudo-libertarian blogger Paul Staines threatened to sue Liberal Conspiracy for linking to a posting about him on Tim Ireland’s Bloggerheads, but this turned out to be bluster.

Canadian law, however, has some precedents:

In Lindley v. Delman 25 P. 2d 751 (1933) the showing of a libelous letter and issuance of a request to others to visit a place where the libelous statements could be viewed was held to constitute a publication under the definition of defamation. In Lawrence v. Newberry (1891), 64 L.T. 797 a letter to a newspaper referring to a speech containing defamatory content which was published elsewhere attracted liability to the defendant. Similarly, in Hird v. Wood (1894), 38 S.J. 234 (CA) the defendant was merely sitting beside a placard containing defamatory remarks and drew the attention of others to it which resulted in a finding of liability.

It seems to me, though, that to apply this kind of thing to the internet is Canute-like. If Auchi can go after Bright for linking to the articles on Wikileaks and giving their titles, why not go after Index on Censorship for referencing Wikileaks in general and telling us that the material about Auchi can be found there? Or go after anyone who mentions the Index posting, since the same applies, at one remove? Or anyone who mentions a site that mentions the Index posting, etc., ad absurdum? Also, the Auchi articles on Wikileaks are easily found via Google, so the idea that a direct link from Bright would make any practical difference from a vague allusion that anyone could chase up for themselves is a fiction. Doubtless Auchi’s lawyers (notorious libel specialists Carter-Ruck) would answer it would be best if anyone who writes anything whatsoever about a libel threat becomes liable…

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From the BBC:

A controversial pastor who claimed he could give infertile couples “miracle babies” has failed in a bid to avoid extradition on child abduction charges.

Two High Court judges have rejected Gilbert Deya’s appeal against the order to extradite him to Kenya.  Mr Deya, the self-proclaimed bishop of a church in Peckham, South London, says he faces torture in his native Kenya.

The Kenyan government alleges Mr Deya stole five children between 1999 and 2004.

I’ve blogged on this tragic story several times in the past: as I noted a year ago, Deya claims that his 57-year-old wife – and a number of female congregants – had given birth to “miracle babies”, conceived through prayer and brought to term after a few weeks. Interestingly, women who sought such pregnancies were obliged to travel to Deya’s clinic in an impoverished district of Nairobi, where they were anesthetised before being presented with a baby. Some of the duped women have since had the trauma of having “their” babies removed by the authorities in Kenya and the UK. I gave a fuller account of Deya’s background – including his production of videos with titles like Jesus Healed a Woman with Three Breasts – here.

***

PS: One detail I included in my earlier postings was the supposed claim by Deya that he had cut a deal with the Kenyan Orange Democratic Movement to have the charges dropped and to become Kenya’s High Commissioner to London. Of course this was never going to happen, although I figured that Deya may have made such a boast. However, it must be noted that my source for this was the now-notorious African Press International. The API’s mysterious “Chief Editor Korir” (actually apparently “Sammy Korir“) gave us one of the more entertaining sideshows of the recent American election campaign with a series of broken promises to release a tape recording of Michelle Obama sounding off to him indiscretely over the phone about “white racists” and letting slip evidence of Obama’s birth in Kenya. Korir now claims that someone at Fox News has suppressed the recording, and he has a new promise:

API will now sue Fox News Network for damages and at the same time air the Michelle Obama tape. She has to answer to the American People.

Judging from the dramatic decline in comments, though (down from a thousand to just ten), it appears that Korir’s readership has drifted off, and even WorldNetDaily has lost interest [UPDATE: I spoke too soon – Korir now seems as popular as ever].

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Ho ho – from Conwebwatch:

Even many Republican strategists had written off GOP Sen. Elizabeth Dole’s campaign for dead, but a new anti-atheist ad campaign has dealt an eleventh-hour blow to her Democrat foe, Kay Hagan. And the outcome of their tightening North Carolina race could determine whether Republicans can hold onto the power to filibuster a Democrat-majority agenda in the Senate.

— WorldNetDaily, Nov. 3 article

One race that doesn’t look particularly close is that for the US Senate in the state.  Kay Hagan has opened up a seven point lead over incumbent Elizabeth Dole, 51-44.

“Kay Hagan’s gained four points on her lead in the last week,” said [Dean] Debnam.  “Clearly the Godless Americans ad backfired.”

— Public Policy Polling, Nov. 3 release

Background to the controversy here.

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Always nice to get a bit of feedback:

I have just taken pains to read your confusion which u conly try to put togetherto deceive the world…you are the number 1 liar in the world… I have no time to waste on cyber murderers like you but i hand you over to god who will judge…GOD BLESS YOU…

And here:

You are wicked, crooked, crafty, poisonous, and dangerous to women in general…If not what connection does it have with your subject matter but just to show your in-depth hatred for God’s vessel, you connected it so as to disgrace her and make your money and gain cheap popularity.

Plus:

This is to inform you that you know you cannot defend what you are insinuating. Your interest is in the money you make out of NGO and your cliques…

And now:

You are trying to delve into what you do not know, so that you will recieve unnecessary applause…

Now, you see Richard, only SMALL and FOOLISH minds spend enormous amount of their time talking about what they don’t know about others. But Richie dear, why don’t you grow up? I’d like to talk to you when you do. Ordinarily, I don’t spend prescious time talking with unreasonable minds. Please, on a serious note, GROW UP!

The authors are defenders of Helen Ukpabio, a Nigerian evangelist known for promoting the idea that children can be witches – two of the comments apparently come from members of her faimily. The writers are all upset with my blog entry on Ukpabio from December last year, in which I suggested that Ukpabio’s activities have helped to whip up a hysteria, with unhappy consequences. They assure me:

She preaches the word of God and ministers to people wihout even touching them because they are always too many. Adult’s witches, male and females come to her confessing that they are witches and wizards. Begging her, to please deliver them. Parents bring their self confessed witchcraft children begging her to deliver them. The counselling sessions are free a thing you can never see in UK or Europe. Deliverance is completely free without even collecting offering during such deliverance sessions…Many children have been abandoned in the church, without her knowing the parents she takes them up trains them and makes the church to care for them without attracting the press. She has a child rescue foundation which she does under the church to help restore wandering children who come to her back to their parents.

and:

I have personally come in contact with a child witch in my extended family who publicly made confessions on her witchcraft involvements and why the mother was getting sick to death and equally explained how the mother could be set free. When the conditions she gave were met, the mother was rescued. I was not told. I was there!

You are trying to delve into what you do not know, so that you will recieve unnecessary applause. Even when I know that children can be witches, I have never heard that Helen ever labelled a child ‘witch’. I have, on the other hand, heard of several children who were labelled witches by their own parents, and Helen reprimanded the parents for labelling the children witches just because they were stubborn at home. This is in fact, a very little I can tell you about Helen as a publisher. I’ll advice you read our KINGS VIEW WORLD CHANGERS magazine that carried the heading, WHO IS THIS HELEN UKPABIO?

They also connect me with an activist opposed to all this, a certain Kelli Stowe. I’d never heard of her before, although I now see she runs a heartfelt blog, called Children of Nigeria. Stowe put a petition on Care 2 opposing Ukpabio’s “Liberty Foundation”; Ukpabio’s supporters responded with a “STOP KELLI STOWE FROM TRAMPLING ON THE HUMAN RIGHTS OF AN ENTIRE NATION (NIGERIA), LIBERTY FOUNDATION” counter-petition. Stowe responded to that with a counter-counter-petition.

(Picture from Children of Nigeria)

UPDATE: The Lagos Daily Independent carries an interview with Ukpabio, in which she denounces the work of Sam Ikpe-Itauma, who runs an NGO that looks after children accused of being witches. In a semi-coherent rant, Ukpabio calls on the government to ban such “fake NGOs”, which she claims are under the control of “Europeans” who are “coming to feed on Africa”. She also tells us that those who have made complaints about her to the state govenor of Akwa Ibom are “stupid”, because

…their people shoot Nigerian children on the street, in the shop, in the supermarket, in schools. There is no week that they don’t shoot blacks. The black people that don’t have money to make a case are never heard.

She also explains the nature of witchcraft:

In my own ministry I don’t label people witches, witches look for me. They come because they want to be delivered, adult, very old, young, married, lecturers, even doctors…

A witch is anybody that can practice any of these acts voodoo, sorcery and magic. It is broad. But in Africa you can practice it without knowing that it is a craft because it is a spirit. When this spirit enters a human spirit, the spirit reacts at night. It is not the human being that willingly wants it, but you see yourself doing that, and people come and say please ma, I attended witchcraft meeting. Now, these are not babies…God anointed me specifically because of the works of witchcraft, how the craft penetrated the church and were killing pastors.

UPDATE: More today.

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A few nights ago British television broadcast Jesus Politics: the Bible and the Ballot, a documentary by Ilan Ziv about religious activists in the current US election campaign. Ziv – who left Israel for America after the Yom Kippur War and who has a rather jaundiced view of religion’s political significance – spoke to a range of people, including a minister in Iowa who thinks that Obama is “a Cyrus for such time as this”, and a woman who claims to have facilitated the ill-fated endorsement of John McCain by John Hagee. As Ziv drives around America, he meets up with Randall Balmer in various diners along the way to discuss historical context.

Evangelical McCain volunteer Pam Colantuono explains the Hagee link:

I was instrumental in bringing the clergy together, and we had ninety-six pastors, clergy, ministry leaders that came to hear Pastor Hagee regarding Christians United for Israel and through that Pastor Hagee personally endorsed Senator McCain.

Colantourno also explains that “the Spirit” led her to emphasise a pro-life message, and she makes an incredibly lurid claim about

…the aborted babies whose body parts were being sold on the black market. On the black market of pornography. Or in the underground of pornography.

(Colantourno, the film fails to note, is the wife of Tom Colantuono, US attorney for New Hampshire. The film misspells her as “Pam Colantouno”)

Ziv also talks to Charles Giunta, of North East Ohio Values Voters, who explains that

There are only two nations that are founded on religious principles, ans that’s Israel and the United States.

Giunta goes on to expound on “End Times” prophecies.

Ziv also films a small meeting of some Mike Huckabee activists in Florida, which begins with prayers by Art Ally. Ally prays for God to forgive “our shameful behaviour”, by which he doesn’t mean anything he himself may have done, but rather the attitudes of other Americans. The prayer includes the observation that there was a time when “you couldn’t even run for office unless you were a Christian”. Art’s wife Bonnie Ally concurs, noting that in this election there is “a Muslim and a Mormon” running (this was when Mitt Romney was still in the picture), and yet Christians haven’t spoken out that “that’s not what God says”.

There are some other interesting stops: in Kentucky we meet members of the “Red River Meeting House Association“, who dress in early nineteenth-century clothes and re-enact the Red River Revival, which launched the Second Great Awakening. Pastor Frank Jarboe (misspelled as “Frank Jarobe”) discussed how religion was used against Thomas Jefferson in the election contest with John Adams, but members of the group say they are more interested in changing America through revival than through having someone achieve political office. Towards the end of the documentary Ziv talks to some Muslims living in Tulsa; one of these, Arief Hill, complains that he signed up for the “Norman Rockwell” view of a benign America, only to find a reality that falls short. Meanwhile, various Black church leaders explain the attraction of Obama in terms of the fruition of the Civil Rights era, but Ziv finds himself “uncomfortable” with the rhetoric of Rev Helen Seenster, who sees Obama as “a Cyrus” and as “a divine appointment”.

Balmer offers a historical interpretation for all this: he argues that Kennedy’s 1960 call for voters to regard his faith as merely incidental created a “paradigm on Church-State” which collapsed with the corruption of Richard Nixon. Jimmy Carter’s emphasis on the “language of morality”, by contrast, brought religion back into electoral politics, opening the way for the Christian Right. Balmer also unsurprisingly locates the rise of Obama to the faith-based leadership structure and “prophetic” rhetoric of the Civil Rights era. However, he also complains that the social concerns of nineteenth-century evangelicalism are not reflected in the current Christian Right.

Despite the emphasis on America, there are also a couple of diversions to Israel: Ziv meets Rabbi Yoel Bin-Nan (var. “Yoel Bin-Nun”) of the West Bank settlement of Gush Ezyon, where an elementary school has received $100,000 from Hagee. There’s also a scene at Megiddo, where a party of American evangelicals stand amidst the ancient ruins and look out across the plain, while a guide explains that this will be the location of the Final Battle.

A somewhat unenthusiatic review by Lauren Wissot, including a critique of Balmer’s perspective, can be seen here.

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From the UK Jewish Chronicle:

A campaign group has launched a boycott with a difference this week – calling on British shoppers to stop buying goods produced in the West Bank and Gaza.

Boycott of Palestinian Goods and Services (BPGS) is also asking traders to stop importing olive oil, figs, dates, soap and flowers from Palestinian sources.

Campaign director Muhsir Mutawakil, who claims in a press release that he converted to Judaism in 1994, said Hamas’s control of Gaza had resulted in “religious and gender apartheid” for 120,000 Palestinian Christians and more than two million women.

Rafah-born Mr Mutawakil, who claims he has held “successful” talks with British firms, said: “There is a growing realisation that fostering business dealings and exchanges in the travel, professional, educational and medical sectors with these apartheid-based regimes is counter-productive. Commitments made for 2009 are being renegotiated or dropped.”…

Muhsir Mutawakil has no other internet presence apart from this one report, and a translation into Hebrew here. The “Boycott of Palestinian Goods and Services” is similarly obscure. What we have is one self-proclaimed “campaign director” who has apparently sent a fax or email to the JC with the words “Press Release” at the top, and the paper has decided to turn it into a story. Mutawakil isn’t the first to get easy publicity in the JC this way.

So who is he? There is one clue to his identity: I was recently forwarded an email from a certain “Batsheva Waley-Mutawakil”, who has a particular animus against pro-Palestinian Jews. “Waley-Mutawakil” also leaves comments on articles and blogs, in which “she” complains that these Jews “defame” Israel and should not be allowed to publicise their views. Here’s an extract from the email:

I am a British Jewess married to a Palestinian Arab convert to Judaism. We have 6 children. I am 36 years old. I have a doctorate in international law and am currently a consultant to Her Majesty’s Government.

…your obsession with finding fault with my beloved homeland Israel causes me sadness. Your unwillingness to become obsessed with your own country’s rape and occupation of Iraq in tandem with the USA raises suspicions in my mind. Scottish regiments of the Highland Fusiliers and Black Watch in Basra, Iraq have been raping young Shi’ite Arab women, torturing their male relatives, uprooting olive trees and demolishing homes and mosques. The Royal Family is implicated in this barbaric occupation which constitutes a war crime under international law.

…You are not permitted to savage Israel, the democratic mini-state in the Middle East surrounded by 21 huge apartheid-based Arab nations, simply to cater to your ‘friends’ who are consumed with Judeophobia…

We’ve seen this rhetoric before, including the accusations of rape against British troops serving in the Middle East. Mutawakil is obviously the same person as the “Rev Charles Edgbaston”, whom I blogged on here. Edgbaston, it may be recalled, claims to run a self-proclaimed “ecclesiastical court” in Canada, and he sends letters to pro-Palestinian Jewish activists threatening them with a campaign of harrassment unless they send him money (the person who forwarded me the email above also received an Edgbaston letter). Edgbaston also uses a variety of aliases, and he has left sock-puppet comments on my blog.

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Boing Boing has some fascinating footage of a shrine in Tokyo dedicated to the kappa, a race of dangerous supernatural beings said to live in rivers. The shrine claims to have a mummified hand of one.

I snapped this picture of a kappa statue when I was in Tokyo; it was at the Kanamara Shrine, a fertility temple in the district of Kawasaki:

The most famous kappa is doubtless “Sandy”, the English name for the Japanese interpretation of “Sha Wujing”, who appears in the Chinese novel Journey to the West. He was memorably depicted as a kappa in the 1970s Japanese TV series Monkey.

More kappa pics at this website on Japanese Buddhism.

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